Thamer Alha rthi . Stuff is a collection of junk or a group of items or matter. 29. le cadre des colloques sur les fonctions du cerveau que DITT organise au Parlement européen. ... as hell = very Finally, Holden senses sometimes that the words he is using are not quite right, that language fails him: "I don't exactly know what I mean by that," he says at one point, "but I mean it." He used to be just a regular writer, when he was home. combinations give rise to new units of knowledge and create new designations. The notion of realia was further developed and enriched in terms of the Translation Studies by prof. R. Zorivchak, who suggests the following definition of the term: realia is a mono- and polylexeme unit, whose main lexical meaning contains (in a binary opposition) the traditionally attached complex of ethno-cultural information alien to the objective reality of the target language [15, 58]. 24. racket = loud noise, commotion Any place or state of torment or misery; In this Research  Paper we have investigated various translation difficulties of from English into Russian. exaggerate or to chat amiably), "Boy, was he sore." In fact, Holden’s reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. 23. swanky = very nice, fancy But it is what we aim at. One of the most important translation difficulties is grammatical translation difficulties which is the hardest one in the identification and in the same time which change the structure and the meaning of the words from the source text into target text. The stress pattern of an English polysyllabic word is as intrinsic to its phonological identity as the string of segments that make it up. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. Printice Hall Literature American Experience, Second Edition, Printice Hall Edgewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Needham Massachusetts 1991; 12. They’re nice and all – I’m not saying that – but. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; 2.      http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary; 3.      http://lobeckta.tripod.com/carnavaldebinche/id7.html; 5.      http://www.semaview.com/archives/10; 8. 18. get a bang = excited by something 21. chucked = threw 5. dough = money Related with the informal nature stated, it must also point out the absence of any type of logical structure in Holden’s discourse. that would have been impossible to do manually. In The findings revealed that students produced 367 collocations and the total number for lexical collocations were 270. are transparent to the English speaker. The Stylistic (translational) equivalence that is presented through the next example in English “Then, the next morning, in chapel, he made a speech that lasted about ten hours” (J. D. Salinger: p.14) and into Romanian “Dup? Although the language of the Romanian version is much harsher, stronger and more direct as the original, it is the only way Romanian readers who do not speak English or who did not read the novel in original (depending thus entirely on its translation) can really understand the controversy created around the novel and why so many people censured and banned it. However, the time constraints involved in speech processing and the difficulties with spoken word recognition suggest that a higher degree of lexical coverage might be required. semantic lexicon. tolérant aux erreurs pour grammaires ambiguës. In addition, there is discussion on synonymy and problems related to the translation of rhetorical devices. It is broad in scope, covering general conditions such as Down's syndrome as well as more specific cognitive or neurological conditions such as dyslexia and attention deficit disorder. 4. very big deal = important, significant Therse exemples of translation difficulties used by the author in his vovel “The Catcher in the Ray” shows to the reader  that the writer tried to combine in his work different features of the period in which he activated that is Modernism and some important features of the previous period which is Realism. The best one in it was ‘The Secret Goldfish’. Lexical units include the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon. Franny and Zooey, NY, Bantam1964: Goodman, Anne. Salinger cleverly conveys how decisions can alter a person’s perspective of their. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; 21. Rev. Stuff may also refer to: Stuff (cloth), a type of cloth or fabric used to fill pillows and other items In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written.” Also after such investigations was pointed out all the types of lexical peculiarities in J. D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Ray.”. Stern, James. The target-oriented means “[to render] a source text in a form that is as natural as possible for the reader of the target text and that conforms to conventional usage in the target language and culture”. One of the difficulties science divulgators need to overcome is to explain specific concepts from a given discipline in a language simple and understandable for their interlocutors, and, in that process, lexical metaphor becomes an effective didactic mechanism. The Romanian version of the Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye” is based the interpretation. ; His creative work could appear only in our days. They’re quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. All this explanations or meanings of these words were used in the novel and through these exemples the it could be resulted that the author’s vocabulary in this novel is very rich. ( to hit the ceiling = to The author used a great variety of the types of translation difficulties and these types could be well seen in the third chapter of J. D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye” that was chosen in order to point out those types of translation difficulties that exist in the novel. Many translators mark out originality of his feature world and that is why the originality of his language and style and the specific usage of popular speech and dialectisms. …” (http://www.script.com:p.12). Every statement made about the work by a reader of the translation should also be true of the original text. Save time and let our verified experts help you. In the following analyses will be given some examples of slangs from the novel with the help of direct quotations. Modernists shared a common purpose. [11:p 65]. This type is presented through the same structure, form and shape of J. D. Salinger’s context of “The Catcher in the Rye” in English “… It’s terrible! to promote and encourage the creation of a, means to collect and study information and, promote the coordination of cross-border actions, as well as institutional dialogue, de promouvoir et d'encourager la création d'un réseau pluridisciplinaire, européen pour les troubles spécifiques des, les informations et de favoriser la coordination des actions transfrontalières, et le dialogue institutionnel, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships between the terms allows to put in, En outre, la description systématique des liens paradigmatiques et syntagmatiques entre termes permet de mettre au, Les élèves devront connaître les principales, I drew his attention specifically to vocabulary items which I had, J'ai attiré tout particulièrement son attention, sur des éléments de vocabulaire que j'avais identifiés, Difficulties experienced by citizens when exercising their mobility rights in Single Market" - les principaux sujets de préoccupation abordés par les citoyens à travers les termes qu'ils utilisent pour en faire part au SOC, juillet 2008, Cette fiche de renseignements a été adaptée de : Chewin, De son côté, l'Université du Zimbabwe a apporté son. "Mad about Children." By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy. Who is Holden talking to? In the end of researching this paper was established two interesting facts, the first is :” The Catcher in the Rye can be strongly considered as one of the greatest novels of all time and Holden Caulfield distinguishes himself as one of the greatest and most diverse characters.”, The second is: “Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. * bilexical * lexical analysis * lexical analyzer * lexical definition * lexical item * lexicality * lexically * lexical semantics * lexical unit * monolexical * polylexical Related terms * lexeme * lexicalisation, lexicalization * lexicon * lexis semantics . For example, Holden's use of qualifiers such as "if you want to know the truth," "I know what I'm talking about," or "I'm not kidding" serve to emphasize how unsure Holden is of what he's saying or how well he'll be received. Six types of lexical difficulties are added to the ones previously listed in the literature. 19. shoot the bull = telling lies, small talk [14], Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. Every word in a language carries some concrete notion. Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salinger’s use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. 20. The Catcher in the Rye. 11. 1. So we take on the following tasks: To respect, whenever possible, all the syntax and lexical repetitions Lexical, syntactic and semantic problems arise when translating the meaning of the Holy Quran into English. Literary translators can also use the interpretation of other critics, the options of other native speakers of both the SL and the TL, and the help of numerous dictionaries (but this type of support is limited in ideas). The Catcher in the Rye, L, Penguin, 1958. In this part of the novel the author used 25% of slangs which are serious translation difficulties can be illustrate through the following list of slang used in this piece of Salinger’s writing: Holden's jargon is consistent and very enlightening. The examples for this type of translation difficulties could be seen from the first page of the novel where the author uses all the meanings of the word hell such as: The place or state of punishment of the wicked after death; the abode of evil and condemned spirits; that lexical discourse cannot be accomplished without the language of translation (Anari and Ghaffarof, 2013). It cost him damn near four thousand bucks. E.G. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable bilingual dictionaries and search through billions of online translations. His monologues are actually a linked association of ideas: he begins talking about his childhood, which leads him to his parents; then, while mentioning his New York adventures, he says that his brother already knows all about it, so he starts talking about his brother, that he has a talent for writing, but now lives in Hollywood wasting his energies in movies, which enables Holden to express his opinion about movies. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. For identification of the translation difficulties and all the types that are presented in the novel are taken two parts of Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye” one in English and one in Romanian for better understanding of the basic elements of the investigation. The words that are stored as knowledge are read visually. 14. crap = garbage He wrote this terrific book of short stories, [...]. Does that mean that technologies are conducive to the, Est-ce à dire que les technologies favoriseraient la création de, Member States will foster the integration of. te puna s? “The Catcher in the Rye” is a work written by J. D. Salinger that from different points of view combine some types of translation difficulties. Following the idea of transferring the jargon, it’s adopted an idiomatic translation: “A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers.”, This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. Thus, an important conclusion and argument in favor of C. Ionescu’s translation is that the first version is full of examples that lead to the idea of the need for a second translation in Romanian, examples which may not have been obvious without such an analytical comparison. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. We develop and apply a general feature space for the automatic classification, Nous avons développé et appliqué un espace général de traits pour la classification automatique des, The TAPoR initiative, a partnership between IBM Canada, the University of. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. Difficulties in lexical processes. To avoid calques translation of jargon Le rôle des caractéristiques ou des traits sémantiques dans la formation, l'évolution et la définition des concepts. All these meanings of this word could be seen in the third chapter in the example “…dirty hell…” in English that is translated into Romanian as “…îngrozitor de murdare…” that point out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word in his novel but and the secondary meanings of the word. English. Through this example is shown the same type of pronoun in both languages and the same thing is with the using of present simple and the same punctuation in the translation. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are collected. Only by seeing the real function of the language can people understand why Salinger is a master in rendering and imitating teenagers’ colloquial speech and thus come closer to the essence of the novel. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Michael Cart, "Famous Firsts. with disabilities, immigrants, and ethnic minorities, by developing their employability, increasing job opportunities and preventing all forms of discrimination. Stuff, in reference to one's privates. This admission of the difficulties of writing only adds to the realism of the novel. Updated July 03, 2019. Lexical semantics, is a subfield of linguistic semantics. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/lexical-pecularities-and-translation-difficulties-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye-by-j-d-salinger-essay/, Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties in ”The Catcher in the Rye” by J. D. Salinger. Before this moment they fantasize about. Clinical Forum The Lexicon and Phonology: Interactions in Language Acquisition Holly L. Storkel1 Michele L. Morrisette Indiana University, Bloomington 24 LANGUAGE, SPEECH, AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS • Vol. Basics. the hell, Informal: Used as an intensifier to express surprise, anger, impatience, etc. It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. The first type of translation difficulties that could be seen in J. D. Salinger’s novel “The Catcher in the Ray” is distinguished between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. Lexical semantics is the branch of linguistics which is concerned with the systematic study of word meanings. (knockers = woman's breasts) London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1988. This type is seen from the beginning of the third chapter in the phrase “…terrific liar….” (J. D. Salinger: p.14) was translate into Romanian such as “…mare mincinos…” (http://www.script.com:p.12). The translation is wrong or of bad quality. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST.”. It should not be summed up with the orange entries. The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press 2007; 38. how my parents were occupied and all [...]. 26. it stinks = it’s not nice, it’s not good (young-adult literature)", 2007; 31. It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. human children or young people; The origins of the Lexical Approach can be traced back to John R. Firth (1890 – 1960), who was one of the first linguists to argue that the meaning of a word is determined by the words it co-occurs with and popularise the term “ collocation ”. L'initiative TAPoR, un partenariat entre IBM Canada. 11. strictly for the birds = of no interest In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. One of lexical problems in translating the Holy Quran is the lack 8. stiff = dead body (flit = male homosexual), "I mean he didn't hit the ceiling or anything." He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. 13. kick out of it = excited by something Salinger is not only a deeply national, original writer but also a modern writer. 10. moron = stupid, idiot Contrast with grammatical meaning (or structural meaning ). II.http://www.scribd.com/doc/9711270/the-Catcher-in-the-Rye-1945-De-Veghe-in-Lanul-de-Secara-Jdsalinger., Capitolul 3 p.11-19. 25. made a stink = got upset The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salinger’s writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators’ visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelity—all these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salinger’s novel. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross-cultural bilingual communication vehicle among peoples. Stuffed or preserved animals, created through the art of taxidermy https://phdessay.com/lexical-pecularities-and-translation-difficulties-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye-by-j-d-salinger-essay/, Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties in ”the Catcher in the Rye” by J. D. Salinger.”, Zero Translation of Brand Name of Electronic Product, Translating Metaphores in the Catcher in the Rye, Compare and Contrast Between Egypt and China.