Asian influenza appears to have reached India via Madras in May 1957. Christian Drosten, Virologe und Institutsdirektor von der Berliner Charité, wehrt sich bei «Maybrit Illner» gegen «aufgeregte Debatten», hebt aber auch hervor: «Es geht nicht um eine normale saisonale Grippe, dieser Vergleich hinkt, sondern es geht um ein pandemisches Geschehen.» Das habe es zum letzten Mal 1957 und 1968 gegeben. [11] In the same year, as response to the epidemic, the Chinese government established the Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), which soon published a manual on influenza in 1958. The virus was eventually transferred to at least 18 people, causing six deaths and bringing about the slaughter of 1.6 million birds. [15] Although it was initially available only in limited quantities,[21][15] its rapid deployment helped contain the pandemic. The outbreak was the third influenza pandemic to occur in the 20th century; it followed the 1957 flu pandemic and the influenza pandemic of 1918–19. By midsummer it had reached the United States, where it appears to have initially infected relatively few people. Because of the pandemic potential of H2 viruses, researchers are developing putative H2 vaccines as part of pre-pandemic vaccine planning. Several months later, however, numerous cases of infection were reported, especially in young children, the elderly, and pregnant women. Die Theorie: Das Virus ist vermutlich ein Ergebnis erster Städte – und es gab noch sehr viel früher Epidemien, die Historiker aufgrund ihrer Beschreibung aber nicht den Masern zuordnen konnten. The 1957–1958 Asian flu pandemic was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Guizhou in southern China. Das Coronavirus verändert die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und Staaten.Die unsichtbare Gefahr setzt – auch irrationale – Ängste frei. From established foci in countries along the eastern fringe of Asia the disease spread to many new areas in May. Appelée la grippe asiatique, elle fit 2 à 3 millions de morts dans le monde, dont 100.000 en France. The first influenza pandemic of the twentieth century, in 1918– 19, killed between 20 and 100 million people worldwide and about 675,000 in the United States; the third, in 1968, killed about 700,000 people worldwide and 34,000 in the United States. 1960 The 1957–1958 Asian flu pandemic was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Guizhou in southern China. Geändert von Wero (27-02-2020 um 22:56 Uhr) 27-02-2020, 22:56 #978. redglori. Um die Ausbeute zu er [19][24], The strain of virus that caused the Asian flu pandemic, influenza A virus subtype H2N2, was a recombination of avian influenza (probably from geese) and human influenza viruses. Between 19 May 1957 and 8 February 1958 there were reported 4 451 758 cases, with 1098 deaths. This study compared the age distribution of influenza-related deaths in the United States during this century's three influenza A pandemics … [30] In the United Kingdom, the government paid out £10,000,000 in sickness benefit, and some factories and mines had to close. Revisiting 1957-1958 influenza pandemic may provide clues to combating H1N1 Similarities between Asian influenza (H2N2) and H1N1 pandemics may exist. Federal health officials estimate the 1957 … Passengers from the s.s. Rajula, allowed to disembark on 21 May at Madras, arrived at Madurai and provided the starting-point of the outbreakin that city in week21. Allein im letzten Jahrhundert traten drei große Pandemien auf: 1968 und 1957 starben etwa eine Million Menschen; die spanische Grippe im Jahr 1918 führte sogar zu einer geschätzten Zahl von 20 bis 50 Millionen Toten. …20th-century influenza pandemics: the 1957 Asian flu pandemic and the 1968 Hong Kong flu pandemic. 4 Mio und 1968 A/H3N2 ca. Eine Pandemie kann nur entstehen, wenn sie von Mensch zu Mensch übertragbar ist. In 1957 the nation had just been through a far more distracting epidemic with a resurgence of polio. Damit ein pandemisches Virus entstehen kann, muss allerdings der Druck aufgrund hoher Viruslast, etwa durch eine starke Vogelgrippewelle, vorhanden sein. Because of the timing of the appearance of these viruses, persons born before 1957 were likely to have been exposed to A/H1N1 viruses and to have developed immunity against A/H1N1 viruses. Bis zu 80 Millionen Menschen fanden den Tod durch ein hochgefährliches Virus. "Praktisch niemand kann sich mehr ernsthaft daran erinnern." Sollte sich dieser Virus jedoch in ein unter Menschen voll übertragbares pandemisches Virus wandeln, wird er sich wahrscheinlich weltweit ausweiten und alle Bevölkerungsgruppen treffen. Es geht nicht um eine normale saisonale Grippe, dieser Vergleich hinkt, sondern es geht um ein pandemisches Geschehen. Jh. The main pandemic wave swept through the subcontinent within the next 12 weeks; cases occurring thereafter represent the permanent infiltration of the new virus into the population. Continuous learning. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) weist darauf hin, dass auch ein eher ungefährliches pandemisches Virus, durch die hohe Zahl von Erkrankten in einem begrenzten Zeitraum die Gesundheitssysteme eines Staates überlasten könne. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Pandemisches Virus. Aug 11 Verfasst von ... Uhr des Masernvirus dieses Kindes lässt Rechner das Virus mehr auf mehr als 500 Jahre vor Christus. After 10 years of evolution, the 1957 flu virus disappeared, having been replaced through antigenic shift by a new influenza A subtype, H3N2, which gave rise to the 1968 flu pandemic. [9][17] In Taiwan, 100,000 were affected by mid-May, and India suffered a million cases by June. Milder pandemics occurred subsequently in 1957–1958 (the "Asian Flu" caused by an A(H2N2) virus) and in 1968 (the "Hong Kong Flu" caused by an A(H3N2) virus), which were estimated to have caused 1–4 million deaths each. Experten weltweit stimmen darin überein, dass das Auftreten einer erneuten Influenza-Pandemie nur eine Frage der Zeit ist. The 1977 virus was similar to other A/H1N1 viruses that had circulated prior to 1957. [1][2][8][9] They were soon reported in the neighbouring province of Yunnan in late February or early March 1957. The number of deaths caused by the 1957–1958 pandemic is estimated between one and four million worldwide, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. THE 1957 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC IN INDIA WEEKLY SPREADOF ASIAN INFLUENZA ONTHEINDIAN SUBCONTINENT, 1957 andothercities, followedbyarelatively slowspreadacrossvillages andother towns. This is a list of the largest known epidemics and pandemics caused by an infectious disease.Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. The virus spread worldwide between 1918 and 1919 and killed at least half a million U.S. citizens. The 1957 flu pandemic was the second major influenza pandemic to occur in the 20th century; it followed the influenza pandemic of 1918–19 and preceded the 1968 flu pandemic. [19][21], The microbiologist Maurice Hilleman was alarmed by pictures of those affected by the virus in Hong Kong that were published in The New York Times. Jahrhundert • 1918 „Spanische Grippe“ (A/H1N1): 20- 40 Millionen Tote (mehr Tote als im gesamten 1. Eine Übertragung von Mensch zu Mensch hingegen konnte noch nicht zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden. Corrections? From there, the virus made its way to Hong Kong in April 1957, and in coastal cities in the United States in the summer of 1957. The Public Health Service released the virus cultures to vaccine manufacturers on 12 May 1957, and a vaccine entered trials at Fort Ord on 26 July and Lowry Air Force Base on 29 July. [25] It could cause pneumonia by itself without the presence of secondary bacterial infection. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time. Influenza (“flu” for short) is a viral infection of the respirator… The pandemic of 1957-58 ultimately caused 1.1 million deaths worldwide, and it follows the 1918 crisis as the second-most severe influenza outbreak in … Persons who were unaffected or only mildly affected likely possessed protective antibodies to other, closely related strains of influenza. In the months that followed, the outbreak spread to Hong Kong and surrounding regions. [23], H2N2 influenza virus continued to be transmitted until 1968, when it transformed via antigenic shift into influenza A virus subtype H3N2, the cause of the 1968 influenza pandemic. The rapid development of a vaccine against the H2N2 virus and the availability of antibiotics to treat secondary infections limited the spread and mortality of the pandemic. Da sich die Endung -demie auf Menschen bezieht, sind in der Veterinärmedizin auch die Bezeichnungen Seuchenzug und Panzootie (gr. Drosten: "Ja weil es ein pandemisches Virus ist. [9][11], The People's Republic of China was not a member of the World Health Organization at the time (not until 1981[12]), and did not inform other countries about the outbreak. Whereas some infected individuals experienced only minor symptoms, such as cough and mild fever, others experienced life-threatening complications such as pneumonia. 18.000 Todesfälle gemeldet. Pandemisches im medizinhistorischen Rückblick . 1968 flu pandemic, also called Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968 or Hong Kong flu of 1968, global outbreak of influenza that originated in China in July 1968 and lasted until 1969–70. The virus that caused the 1957 pandemic, which lasted until about the middle of 1958, was also responsible for a series of epidemics that emerged annually until 1968, when the Hong Kong flu appeared. Dafür ist eine genetische Mutation des Virus erforderlich. Vermutlich spielten mehrere Faktoren eine Rolle. Histories of the period hardly mention it whereas the early history of 2020 will talk primarily about the virus and the lockdowns. Foto: Chen Zeguo/XinHua/dpa ... sondern es geht um ein pandemisches Geschehen." 1957 [Illustration of an influenza virus] H2N2 flu virus emerges to trigger a pandemic, replacing the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus. While the H2N2 strain disappeared from flu viruses circulating in humans in 1968, it has persisted in the world’s bird population. Entsprechend den Leitlinien der WHO handelt es sich um ein pandemisches Virus, bis Juli 2010 wurden weltweit insgesamt ca. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [9][10] By the middle of March, the flu had spread all over China. North America, northern South America, and Europe experienced widespread Asian strain influenza epicemics before the month of September was over. Auch beim Vogelgrippevirus H5N1, das 2005/2006 für Aufregung sorgte, handelte es sich um ein Influenza-A-Virus. [19] Hilleman's vaccine is believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Bis zu 80 Millionen Menschen fanden den Tod durch ein hochgefährliches Virus. Der Mitmensch als Krankheitsträger - ein Virus weckt Ängste 01.03.2020, 12:37 Uhr | dpa Sorge vor dem Virus: Ein Beamter misst bei einem Kunden eines Friseursalons in China die Temperatur. Despite the outbreaks, the much-feared pandemic was largely avoided, Hilleman later recalled. Ein Beispiel für eine Antigenshift durch einen neuen Subtyp stellt das Auftreten des Subtyps A(H2N2) im Jahr 1957 dar, das den bis dahin zirkulierenden Subtyp A(H1N1) ablöste und zu einer Pandemie führte. The second wave, in January and February 1958, was more pronounced among elderly people and so was more fatal. [3] However, one study found that the CFR was approximately 0.67%. ... sondern es geht um ein pandemisches Geschehen." Show abstract. It appeared in coastal … The 1957 flu outbreak was associated with variation in susceptibility and course of influenza illness. That day, The New York Times reported on a large influenza outbreak in Hong Kong. The 1957 outbreak was caused by a virus known as influenza A subtype H2N2. The virus (H3N2) reached the United States in September 1968 and peaked in the winter months. Federal health officials estimate the 1957-58 pandemic killed 1 to 2 million people worldwide. By the summer of 1957, it had reached coastal areas of the United States. Christian Drosten, Virologe Das habe es zum letzten Mal 1957 … Um überhaupt gegen ein neues, pandemisches Virus eine ausreichende Schutzwirkung erzielen zu können, ist es notwendig, die Menschen zweimal zu impfen, wie man es von der Grundimmunisierung von kleinen Kindern kennt. Vor 100 Jahren wütete eine verheerende Influenza-Pandemie rund um den Erdball. Updates? Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. pandemisches Virus, das bei gesunden Menschen überwiegend vergleichsweise milde Symptome verursacht, durch die hohe Zahl von Erkrankten in einem begrenzten Zeitraum die Gesundheitssysteme eines Staates überlasten könne. Worldwide, from 1957-1958, about 2 million people died from Asian flu, with about 70,000 deaths in the United States. [15], By June 1957, it reached the United States, where it initially caused few infections. Weitere Namen finden Sie im Abschnitt Nomenklatur unten. H2N2 no longer circulates in humans but is carried by animals. Eine Meldung aus China sorgt für Schlagzeilen: Dort breitet sich bei Schweinen ein neues Influenzavirus aus, das auch Menschen krank macht. So wurden etwa die grossen Grippe-Pandemien von 1957 (Asiatische Grippe) und 1968 (Hongkong-Grippe) durch Influenza-A-Viren ausgelöst. Das habe es zum letzten Mal 1957 und 1968 gegeben. [5], The first cases were reported in Guizhou of southern China, in 1956[6][7] or in early 1957. Pandemisches im medizinhistorischen Rückblick. By February 1957, the disease, a form of influenza that caused typical flu symptoms such as a sore throat and fever, had arrived in Singapore. Weeks later, it hit Hong Kong. [20] The first wave peaked in October and affected mainly children who recently returned to school after summer break. Insoweit ist der Pandemieplan für weitere Erreger u. a. für das neuartige Coronavirus COVID-19 oder auch zukünftige andere neuartige Viren anwendbar. Il y a 52 ans, le monde vivait sa première pandémie de l'ère moderne. Die sogenannte Asiatische Grippe. She joined Britannica in 2006 and... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Das erste Auftreten eines … [6] Estimates of the number of deaths worldwide vary: The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 15% of its value in the second half of 1957. By December a total of some 3,550 deaths had been reported in England and Wales. [15] Many schools had to close in Ireland, including seventeen in Dublin. Hendra virus infected horses and people first in 1994. Case fatality rate: Varies hugely. These slight modifications produced periodic epidemics. The…. Auch die Lungenkrankheit, die durch SARS-CoV … The 1957 flu pandemic caused an estimated one million to two million deaths worldwide and is generally considered to have been the least severe of the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century. A guide to what you can expect across the UK", "Overarching Government Strategy to Respond to Pandemic Influenza. Almost all deaths related to current influenza epidemics occur among the elderly. This upsurge in cases was the result of a second pandemic wave of illness that struck the Northern Hemisphere in November 1957. The… influenza pandemic of 1918–19. Influenza pandemic of 1918–19, the most severe influenza outbreak of the 20th century and, in terms of total numbers of deaths, among the most … [11][14], On 17 April 1957, The Times reported that "an influenza epidemic has affected thousands of Hong Kong residents". It killed approximately one to two million people worldwide, including about 70,000 in the United States. Gesundheitsökonom Boris Augurzky hat bereits mögliche Auswirkungen einer Influenza-Pandemie in Deutschland ausgerechnet: Bei 300.000 Kranken und knapp 100.000 Toten ergäbe sich ein … 1957-1958 Pandemic (H2N2 virus) In February 1957, a new influenza A (H2N2) virus emerged in East Asia, triggering a pandemic (“Asian Flu”). Entsprechend den Leitlinien der WHO handelt es sich um ein pandemisches Virus, bis Juli 2010 wurden weltweit insgesamt ca. [6] It caused many infections in children, spread in schools, and led to many school closures. The 1957 flu pandemic was caused by influenza H2N2 virus, to which few people had previous exposure. Warum damals die Todesrate so hoch war, ist nicht ganz klar. Ihr fielen 1957 und 1958 weltweit Schätzungen zufolge eine bis zwei Millionen Menschen zum Opfer. 1957 flu pandemic, also called Asian flu pandemic of 1957 or Asian flu of 1957, outbreak of influenza that was first identified in February 1957 in East Asia and that subsequently spread to countries worldwide.
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